Page 111 - วารสารการแพทย์แผนไทย ปีที่ 21 ฉบับที่ 2

วารสารการแพทย์แผนไทยและการแพทย์ ทางเลือก Journal of Thai Traditional & Alternative Medicine
ปีที่ 21 ฉบับที่ 2 พฤษภาคม-สิงหาคม 2566 Vol. 21 No. 2 May-August 2023

Original Article

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity and Inhibition of ACE2 and TMPRSS2

Expression of Ya Prasa Pro Yai, Ya Ha Rak and Ya Chanthalila

Traditional Drug Formulas

Sarayut Radapong , Nathaphat Harnkit , Tiyanee Sahad , Praw Suppajariyawat ,
*
*,§
*
*
Pilailuk Akkpaiboon Okada , Pornchai Sincharoenpokai , Kaisee Limprasert , Somchit Niumsakul ,
*
*
*
†
Phichet Banyati , Kenneth J Ritchie , Siriwan Chaisomboonpan *
*
‡
* Department of Medical Sciences, Tiwanon Road, Talat Khwan Subdistrict, Mueang District, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.
† 238/34 Udon Dutsadi Rd, Mak Khaeng Subdistrict, Mueang District, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand.
‡ Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University,
Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
§ Corresponding author: sarayut.r@dmsc.mail.go.th
Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2. Some
Thai traditional drug formulas have been prescribed in Thailand to alleviate symptoms caused by the virus. The
objective of this study was to investigate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of Ya Prasa Pro Yai (PSP), Ya Ha Rak
(Y5R) and Ya Chanthalila (CTL) drug formulas used as antipyretic in Thai traditional medicine.
Methods: The drugs were extracted and screened for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity using plaque reduction
assay. The extracts were further investigated for ACE2 and TMPRSS2 enzymatic inhibition and gene expression
assays of several host-target molecules in Calu-3 cells.
Results: PSP, Y5R, and CTL traditional drug formulas were found to have shown inhibitory activities
against SARS-CoV-2 at 45.6%, 45.6% and 50.1%, respectively, at the concentration of 5,000 µg/mL. CTL also
significantly inhibited (71.2%) the main human receptor ACE2 at the concentration of 2,000 µg/mL, which was
higher than both PSP and Y5R extracts and demonstrated TMPRSS2 enzymatic inhibition in a dose-dependent
manner. CTL also significantly down-regulated the expression of ACE2, but not TMPRSS2, PIKfyve and cathepsin
L in Calu-3 cells.
Discussion: The Thai traditional drug formulas reported here provided anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities. Testing
of the Anti-viral properties of the three preparations at 5 mg/mL did not reveal significant differences. However,
CTL showed more anti-viral activity than others consistent with the previous study that the effect may be from
E. longifolia Jack, one of the components of the formulation. CTL showed inhibition of ACE2 and TMPRSS2
enzymes in dose-dependent manner compared to the controls. Moreover, the CTL preparation also demonstrated a
significant down-regulation of ACE2 gene expression on calu-3, human lung cell lines which are the mechanisms
inhibiting the entry into the cells in the early phase of infection.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Ya Prasa Pro Yai (PSP), Ya Ha Rak (Y5R) and Ya Chanthalila (CTL)

Received date 21/01/23; Revised date 07/04/23; Accepted date 11/08/23

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