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Abstract
Bioactive compounds of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. extract
1
1,
1
1
Prapai Wongsinkongman *, Apirak Sakpetch , Jaree Bansiddhi , Somchai Sanluangin ,
3
3
2
Tanavat Thongjin , Malinee Jittakarnpitcha , Panasda Israngkoon Na Ayudhaya ,
4
Noppamas Soonthornchareonnont , Pranee Chavalittumrong 5
1 Medicinal Plant Research Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi 11000.
2 Regional Medical Sciences Center 2 Phitsanulok, Department of Medical Sciences, Phitsanulok 65000.
3
National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi 11000.
4
Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400.
5 Senior Technical Advisors Office, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi 11000.
*Corresponding author: prapai.w@dmsc.mail.go.th
From the preliminary screening activity experiment, it was found that the aqueous crude
extract from the aerial part of wild spikenard [Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., Family Lamiaceae]
exhibited antiviral action against influenza A virus (Flu A) at 55.62% and 80.28% with concen-
trations of 5 and 10 mg/ml, respectively. Additionally, the extract showed inhibitory activity against
HIV-1 virus at 90% using the concentration of 6 μg/ml. From the literature review, it was re-
ported that this plant exhibited activities against Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Candida albicans,
Salmonella sp. and Plasmodium falciparum. However, there was no report about antiviral activi-
ties against Flu A. Therefore, it was interesting to further isolate the bioactive compounds from
the extract. As a result, three compounds (1-3) were purified using column chromatography and
their chemical structures were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques, as well as comparison
with reported data. These phenolic acids were identified as 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid
(1), rosmarinic acid (2) and caffeic acid (3). Compounds 1-3 showed inhibitory activity in vitro
against Flu A, using plaque reduction assay, at 55.63%, 76.81%, and 34.78%, using the concen-
trations of 5, 2.5 and 0.125 mg/ml, respectively. The three compounds also exhibited inhibitory
activity in vitro against HIV-1 virus at 90%, 96.87%, and 34.37%, using the concentrations of 6,
6 and 25 μg/ml, respectively. Therefore, three bioacive compounds can be used as markers for the
quality control of the extract.

Key words: Hyptis suaveolens; aqueous extract; phenolic acids; antiviral activity