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PP-23

Phytochemical Constituents and Hypoglycemic Effect of the Aqueous Extracts

of Nigerian Anti-diabetic Medicinal Plants

1,2 1,3 1,2
Jiradej Manosroi , Zaruwa Z. Moses , Aranya Manosroi
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200
2
Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai
University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200
3
Faculty of Science, Adamawa State University, P.M.B 25, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Rationale: In order to validate the claims of hypoglycemic activities of traditional medicinal plants used in
North Eastern Nigeria, some traditional medicines were selected and tested for hypoglycemic effect, phy-

tochemistry and free radical scavenging activity.
Objective: To investigate the hypoglycemic activity, phytochemistry and free radical scavenging activity
of aqueous extracts of Anisopus mannii, Daniella oliveri, Detarium macrocarpum, Leptadenia hastata and
Mimosa invisa, traditionally prescribed for diabetes mellitus.
Methodology: Extracts were screened in 18 hr fasted normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic mice

over a 4 hr period while phytochemical analysis was done using standard methods. 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine
(DPPH) was used for free radical scavenging assay.
Results: All extracts showed significant hypoglycemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice with the

maximum reduction of 70.39% at 200 mg/kg BW with a dose of A. mannii comparable to glibenclamide and
human insulin, standard antidiabetic drug, others showed 64.05, 55.22, 36.47 and 25.01% for D. macrocarpum, L.
hastata, D. oliveri and M. invisa, respectively. Saponins, xanthones, tannins, glycosides and flavonoids were
detected in high intensities. For the free radical scavenging activity, an IC of 0.027 mg/ml which was 2.1
50
ascorbic acid fold in D. macrocarpum was observed, being 2 times higher than the standard ascorbic acid. D.

oliveri showed a comparable IC of 0.050 mg/dl and 1.1 ascorbic acid fold, whereas L. hastata, M. invisa and A.
50
mannii showed lower activities.
Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the traditional use of the selected traditional medicinal

plants in diabetes treatment and the relationship to their phytochemistry and free radical scavenging activity.
A. mannii proved to have the highest hypoglycemic activity. It is recommended for further evaluation and
characterization.