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Journal of Thai Traditional & Alternative Medicine Vol. 8 No. 1 January-April 2010 ˜ı

References
able. Art-making can evoke complex material which
may not be available through talking, bypassing ado- 1. Liebmann M, editor. Art Therapy with Offenders. Jessica Kingsley
Publishers Ltd.; 1994.
lescent defences and enabling access and potential
2. BBC; 2005.
resolution to painful experiences. This can be impor-
3. Gerhardt S. Why Love Matters. Hove: Brunner- Routledge; 2004.
tant for those who cannot find words to describe their 4. Bowlby J. A Secure Base. London: Routledge; 1988.
5. Zulueta F de. Theories of Aggression and Violence. In: Cordess C,
difficult experience or who find it difficult to speak of
Cox M, editors. Forensic Psychotherapy (part 1). London: Jessica
their misdemeanors.
Kingsley Publishers; 1996.
To summarize, it is appropriate to take from 6. Pittman S. Inside outside in: Art Therapy with Young Male Offenders
Marion Leibmann wonderful book çArt Therapy with in Prison. In: Leibmann ed. Art Therapy and Anger. Jessica Kingsley
Publishers Ltd.; 2008.
Offendersé a thought where she clearly highlights the
7. Cohen B, Barnes M, Rankin A. Managing Traumatic Stress through
many benefits of art therapy and offers this thought:
Art. Lutherville, MD: Sidran Press; 1995.
Creative activity interrupts a pattern–one of self- 8. Reasoner R. Review of self-esteem research. Retrieved from the
destruction, self deprecation, meaninglessness, bore- National Association for Self-Esteem website: www.self-esteem-
nase.org/research.shtml (2002, February 5).
dom–and replaces it with a dialogue. In art therapy,
9. Riley S. Contemporary Art Therapy with Adolescents. Philadelphia:
an experience is offered for safe ventilation of feel- Jessica Kingsley.1999.
ings which are normally projected outwards in the 10. Moon B. The Dynamics of Art as Therapy with Adolescents. Springfield,
IL: Charles C Thomas; 1998.
form of offending behavior.
11. Riley S. Brief therapy: An adolescent invention. Art Therapy: J Amer
Art therapy may be described as the use of art
Art Therapy Assoc; 1999a. 16 (2), 83-6.
1
in the service of change. 12. Hartz L, Adrian MI, and Thick L, Scranton PA. Art therapy strategies
Some examples follow of themes to develop self- to raise self-esteem in female juvenile offenders: A comparison of art
psychotherapy and art as therapy approaches. J Amer Art Therap
esteem, self-identity, anger management (taken from
Assoc 2005;22(2):70-80.
12,19,20
a variety of sources:
13. Franklin M. Art therapy and self-esteem. J Amer Art Therap Assoc
O Checklist of personal strengths–Create a 1992;9(2):78-84.
14. Schore, A. Affect regulation and the origin of the self: the neurobiology
collage to represent one or more of these strengths.
of emotional development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erbaum; 1994.
O Make an image that tells a story about who
15. Symington, Joan and Symington Neville, The Clinical Thinking of Wilfred
you want to be or are becoming. Bion, Routledge, London, 1996.
O Identify a person who has taught you some- 16. Berk, L. Infants, children and adolescents (2nd ed.). Needham Heights,
MA: Simon & Schuster; 1996.
thing, what that something was, and envision some-
thing that you would like to teach people. (This can
Other references
be gender–specific if it is an all-women group or men).
Liebmann M, editor. Art Therapy and Anger. London: Jessica Kingsley
O Who is a role model to you? – Create an Publishers Ltd. 2008.
image of this person and his or her qualities. Bennink J, Gussak DE, Skowran M. The role of the art therapist in a
juvenile justice setting. The Arts in Psychotherapy 2003;30:163-73.
O Draw your family, draw your lifeline.
American Bar Association, & National Bar Association. Justice by gender-
O Feeling recognition–creating images con-
The lack of appropriate prevention, diversion and treatment alternatives
nected to specific feelings. for girls in the justice system.
Washington, DC: Authors. 2001.
O Anger management, self-esteem, and ap-
Landgarten, H. Clinical Art Therapy: A comprehensive guide. New York:
propriate feeling expression–draw a volcano showing
Brunner/Mazel; 1981.
your anger today; draw different anger states; and Liebmann M, editor. Art Therapy for Groups, A Handbook of Themes,
draw what different feelings look like. Games and Exercises. Routledge; 2004.
O Draw what itûs like to have very little con-
trol, draw a bridge illustrating your life.