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Free radical scavenging activity and phytochemical constituents of aqueous

extracts of traditional Lanna medicinal plants for diabetes

1, 3 1, 2 1, 2
Zaruwa, Z. Moses , Aranya Manosroi , Jiradej Manosroi
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200
2
Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai
University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200
3
Faculty of Science, Adamawa State University, P.M.B 25, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Rationale: Hyperglycemia has been observed to be responsible for the production of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) which plays central role in complications of diabetes mellitus. This condition can simply inacti-
vate enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and others, by glycating these proteins thus

inducing oxidative stress which in turn causes lipid peroxidation.Antioxidants play a major role in the protec-
tion against such oxidative damage. The purpose of this work comprised the evaluation of the aqueous extracts

of the selected Lanna medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by the in vitro
free radical scavenging activity as well as the determination of the phytochemical constituents. 11 medicinal
plants were selected from the Lanna Thai medicinal database namely; Anogeissus acuminata var. lanceolata,

Catunaregam tomentosa (DC.) Tirveng (maj teen), Dioecrescis erythroclada (Kurz) Tirveng (Ma khang daeng),
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Yamed Boraped Pungchang , Mai Tau Lusi, Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq (Ka fak ma muang), Mimosa
pudica Linn. var. hispida Bren (Mai ya rab), Moringa pterygosperma C. F. Gaertner (Ma room), Pterocarpus
macrocarpus kurz (Pra doo), Solanum laciniatum australia (Ma khuea Australia), Solanum torvum SW.(Ma khuea
phuang).

Methodology: 1, 1-diphenyl -2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay for free radical scavenging activity and the
standard phytochemical assay methods were used in this study.
Results: Anogeissus acuminata var. lanceolata exhibited the highest free radical scavenging activity with

5.3 folds more than the standard vitamin C (SC50 = 0.058 ± 0.003 mg / ml), while Solanum torvum, Moringa
ptyerygosperma C.F Gaertner, Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq and Pterocarpus macrocarpus kurz were com-
parable to the standard at 1.5 to 1.0 folds. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts of these 5 plants indicated the

presence of glycosides, xanthones, tannins, alkaloids and saponins. The contents of all phytochemicals were
found to be the highest in Anogeissus acuminata.

Conclusion: The results from the study have indicated the relationship between free radical scavenging
activity and the diabetic treatment by traditional use of the medicinal plants by the Lanna Thai people. The
phytochemical contents of glycosides, xanthones, tannins, alkaloids and saponins of A. acuminata which gave

higher free radical scavenging activity may be responsible for the antidiabetic effects.
Key words: free radical scavenging, phytochemical, antidiabetic, traditional