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Table 1 Population of healers by provincial distribution, calculated sample of healers (number of healers visited), and number
of healers selected for in-depth study

Total Phu Tai Number of healers visited Number of healers selected for
Province 1 2 3
healers and interviewed in-depth study
Kalasin 98 56 3
Sakon Nakhon 112 64 5
Nakhon Phanom 95 53 3
Mukdahan 156 90 9
Total 461 263 20
1
Names and addresses of these healers were recorded in the databases of the Provincial Health Office.
2
Calculated sample size.
3
Purposive sample size based on healer survey and profile interviews using inclusion criteria in Table 2.

Table 2 Number of Phu Tai traditional healers (persons) by provincial location and type of healer

Type if healer Kalasin Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phanom Mukdahan Total

1. Herbalist (À¡Õ¬“ ¡ÿπ‰æ√) 23 31 26 38 118
2. çSandingé healer (À¡Õ¬“Ωπ) 5 6 6 10 27
3. çBlowingé healer (À¡Õ‡ªÉ“) 7 8 5 5 25
4. çYaoé healer (À¡Õ‡À¬“) 4 5 3 8 20
5. Moh Dhamma (À¡Õ∏√√¡) 3 3 4 7 17
6. Moh Nam-montra (À¡ÕπÈ”¡πµå) 7 4 3 8 22
7. Moh Su-khuan (À¡Õ Ÿà¢«—≠) 5 3 4 6 18
8. Midwife (À¡Õµ”·¬) 2 4 2 8 16
Total 56 64 53 90 263

and socio-demographic interviews with the healers, tion is given in Table 1.
the treatment methods, and health condition logs were Among the 263 Phu Tai healers randomly se-
used to analyze the socio-demographic charateristics lected for profile and socio-demographic interview and
of the healers. One-way ANOVA was used to mea- participatory observation, eight types of healers were
sure variance and significant among different fators specified by the healers themselves, by patients or
by using Statgraphics and STATA solfware. villagers, and, in some cases, by our research team.
The types of healer are classified mainly by their meth-
Result ods of treatment. Data on these eight types of healer

are shown in Table 2.
1. Population and sample of healers

From databases of the Thailandûs Provincial 2. Inclusion criteria and healers selected for in-
Health Offices in Kalasin, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon depth study
Phanom, and Mukdahan provinces, 461 healers were After taking a profile survey of 263 Phu Tai heal-
listed (as of May 2005). The sample size of the heal- ers, inclusion criteria were developed to select the
ers included in this research was calculated to be healers for the in-depth study. The criteria and method
263. The population of healers by provincial distribu- of verification are shown in Table 3. Based on the