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Journal of Thai Traditional & Alternative Medicine Vol. 7 No. 2-3 May-December 2009 ÒˆÒ

Wavelength 193.7 nm ‚ª√·°√¡ @RISK 4.5.5 ¢Õß∫√‘…—∑ palisade À√—∞-
ÒÒ
Loop sample 0.5 ml Õ‡¡√‘°“ ‚¥¬„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥â√Ÿª·∫∫°“√°√–®“¬¢Õß
Hydride generation ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡‰¥â‡≈◊Õ°«‘∏’ Anderson-Darling statistic
Quartz cell 16 cm × 0.7 cm ‡≈◊Õ°™π‘¥°“√ ÿà¡μ—«Õ¬à“ß·∫∫ Latin Hypercube ·≈–

Heating Electrothermal °”Àπ¥®”π«π√Õ∫∑’Ë„™â§”π«≥ §◊Õ Ò, √Õ∫ (iterations).
Cell temperature 900 ˚C „π°“√§”π«≥§à“¢Õß “√∑’ˉ¡à°àÕ„À⇰‘¥¡–‡√Áß Hazard
Carrier gas flow rate Argon, 50-100 ml/min quotient (HQ) ·≈– “√∑’Ë°àÕ„À⇰‘¥¡–‡√Áß Cancer risk (CR)

Reducing agent 0.2% w/v sodium borohydride in „™â§à“ reference dose (RfD) ”À√—∫ “√ÀπŸ‡∑à“°—∫ .Û
0.0125 M sodium hydroxide ¡°./°°./«—π ·≈–§à“ cancer slope factor (CSF) ‡∑à“°—∫ Ò.ı
Ú,˜
Reducing agent flow rate 5-7 ml/min ¡°./°°./«—π ‚¥¬·∑π∑’褈һ√‘¡“≥∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ “√μ≈Õ¥™à«ß™’«‘μ
Hydrochloric acid 9-11 ml/min (Lifetime average daily dose, LADD) „π ¡°“√
(10% v/v) flow rate HQ = LADD/RfD ; CR = LADD × CSF

”À√—∫ LADD §”π«≥®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√∫√‘‚¿§·≈–§«“¡
°“√À“§à“√âÕ¬≈–°“√°≈—∫§◊π (%recovery) ¢Õß “√ ÀπŸÕ
‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√ÀπŸ„πμ—«Õ¬à“ß™“®“° ¡°“√
π‘π∑√’¬å
LADD = C × IR × ED × AF/BW × AT (¡°./°°./
°“√À“§à“√âÕ¬≈–°“√°≈—∫§◊π (% recovery) ¢Õß “√ÀπŸÕ «—π)
π‘π∑√’¬å„™â«‘∏’ Standard addition ‚¥¬„™â™“ ¡ÿπ‰æ√™π‘¥ ‡¡◊ËÕ C = §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√ (¡°./°.); IR = ª√‘¡“≥

´Õß®”π«π Ò ´Õß ·™à„ππÈ”μ⡇¥◊Õ¥ Ú ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘μ√, ·∫àß °“√∫√‘‚¿§ (°./«—π); ED = √–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ “√ (Exposure
μ—«Õ¬à“ßπÈ”™“‡ªìπ Ú à«π à«π≈– Ò ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘μ√. à«π∑’Ë Ò duration, «—π); AF = Absorption factor ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª
«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥ “√ÀπŸÕπ‘π∑√’¬å„πμ—«Õ¬à“ßπÈ”™“. à«π∑’Ë Ú °”À𥇪ìπ Ò; BW = πÈ”Àπ—°μ—« (°°.);

‡μ‘¡ “√≈–≈“¬¡“μ√∞“π “√ÀπŸ Úı ‰¡‚§√°√—¡ ”À√—∫™“ AT = averaging time ‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ “√μ≈Õ¥
™ÿ¡‡ÀÁ¥‡∑»·≈–™“¥Õ°§”ΩÕ¬, ·≈– Ò ‰¡‚§√°√—¡ ”À√—∫ ™à«ß™’«‘μ°”À𥇪ìπ Úı,ıı «—π.
™“°√–‡®’ͬ∫„ππÈ”™“∑’˙߉¥â ·≈â«®÷ß𔉪√–‡À¬∫π‡μ“·ºàπ
º≈°“√»÷°…“
√âÕπ‚¥¬„™âÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ª√–¡“≥ ˆ-˜ı ˚´ ®π‡À≈◊Õª√‘¡“μ√
ª√–¡“≥ .ı ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘μ√, °—¥ “√ÀπŸÕπ‘π∑√’¬å®“°μ—«Õ¬à“ß
º≈°“√»÷°…“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·∫∫ —¡¿“…≥å
‚¥¬„™â«‘∏’‡¥’¬«°—∫∑’Ë °—¥®“°μ—«Õ¬à“ß™“ ¡ÿπ‰æ√ ·≈⫧”π«≥
§à“√—Õ¬≈–°“√°≈—∫§◊π “√ÀπŸÕπ‘π∑√’¬å. ∂“π∑’ˇ°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈–®”π«π·∫∫ —¡¿“…≥å: à«π°≈“ß
(°√ÿ߇∑æœ ·≈–ª√‘¡≥±≈) ‰¥â√—∫§◊π§√∫ ˆ ™ÿ¥ (√âÕ¬≈–
«‘∏’ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’Ë¬ß “√ÀπŸ
Ò); à«π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§‰¥â√—∫§◊π ¯¯Ù ™ÿ¥ (√âÕ¬≈– Ù˘.ÒÒ).
°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’Ë¬ß “√ÀπŸ„™â∑—Èß«‘∏’°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡ ®”π«πºŸâμÕ∫·∫∫ —¡¿“…≥å¢Õß‚§√ß°“√œ ¡’∑—Èß ‘Èπ
ˆ
‡ ’ˬ߷∫∫‡™‘ß°”Àπ¥ ·≈–‡™‘ߧ«“¡πà“®–‡ªìπ ‚¥¬·∫∫‡™‘ß Ò,Ù¯Ù §π. „π®”π«ππ’Èæ∫«à“¡’ºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§™“ ¡ÿπ‰æ√∑’Ëπ”¡“
°”Àπ¥π—Èπ„™â∑—Èß«‘∏’ central tendency estimate (CTE) ´÷Ëß »÷°…“∑—Èß ¯ ™π‘¥ ®”π«π Ò,ÛÙı §π (√âÕ¬≈– ˘) ·≈–
‡≈◊Õ°§à“¢Õßμ—«·ª√®“°§à“‡©≈’ˬ ·≈– reasonable maximum ∫√‘‚¿§™“ ¡ÿπ‰æ√™π‘¥Õ◊Ëπ ÒÛ˘ §π (√âÕ¬≈– Ò).

estimate (RME) ´÷Ë߇≈◊Õ°§à“μ—«·ª√®“°§à“ à«π∫π¢Õß √–¬–‡«≈“‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈: °√°Æ“§¡-∏—𫓧¡ æ.». ÚıÙ˘
‡ªÕ√凴Áπμå‰∑≈å. „π∑’Ëπ’ȇ≈◊Õ°„™â§à“‡ªÕ√凴Áπμå‰∑≈å∑’Ë ˘ı μ“¡¢âÕ º≈°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª: ºŸâμÕ∫·∫∫ —¡¿“…≥å
˜
·π–π”¢Õß USEPA (1997a) . ”À√—∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π·∫∫‡™‘ß ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥®”π«π Ò,Ù¯Ù §π ‡ªì𙓬 ÙÙ˘ §π Õ“¬ÿ Òˆ-˜¯ ªï
ˆ, Ò
§«“¡πà“®–‡ªìπ‰¥â„™â«‘∏’ Monte Carlo Analysis ¥â«¬ ‡ªìπÀ≠‘ß Ò,Ûı §π Õ“¬ÿ Ò˜-˜ı ªï à«π„À≠à¡’Õ“¬ÿÕ¬Ÿà„π