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PO-14

Microscopic characters of five roots species in Ben-Cha-Lo-Ka-Wi-

Chian remedy

1 1 1 1,2
Chatubhong Singharachai , Chanida Palanuvej , Niran Vipanngeun , Nijsiri Ruangrungsi
1
College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

Rationale: Adulteration or inappropriate part use of traditional medicine might display undesirable effects.

According to the Ministry of Public Health Notification A.D. 2006, the Ben-Cha-Lo-Ka-Wi-Chian Remedy is
consisted in the List of Herbal Medicinal Products of the National List of Essential Drugs, as a well known herbal
formula used as an antipyretic drug. The remedy composes of five roots in an equal part by weights that are the
roots of Tiliacora triandra (Colebr.) Diels, Capparis micracantha DC., Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr., Clerodendrum

petasites S. Moore and Ficus racemosa L. However, the remedy could be adulterated with upper ground parts of
plants or substances with low quality. Microscopic characterization is one of a way to verify the purity of the Ben-
Cha-Lo-Ka-Wi-Chian remedy.

Objective: To identify the microscopic characters of five roots species in Ben-Cha-Lo-Ka-Wi-Chian Remedy for
an adulteration detection.

Methodology: Five plants materials from Nokornnayok province of Thailand were authenticated by Associate
Prof. Dr. Nijsiri Ruangrungsi and the roots were collected. Anatomical and histological characteristics were

determined as follows: transverse sections and powdered samples (ground and sifted through a 250 micron sieve)
were inspected respectively under a microscope (Zeiss) with a magnification of 4x, 10x, 20x and 40x. Water was
used to mount both transverse sectional and powdered drugs. Iodine T.S., phloroglucinol-HCl and safranin were

used for the detection of starch grain, lignified sclereids and clarified organelle, respectively. Cell measurement was
determined using stage micrometer. Drawing apparatus (Camera lucida) was used as a tool for copying the cell
images including cell distributions and cell inclusions.

Results: The identification of five authenticated powdered roots were based on the starch granules, fragment of
fibers and fragment of pitted vessels. All authenticated powders showed distinctive characteristics which can be

established a key to identify the roots of these five species and to detect the adulteration.
Conclusion: The microscopic characters can be used to establish a potential key for authentication and adultera-
tion detection of Ben-Cha-Lo-Ka-Wi-Chian remedy.