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Table 2 Percentage yield of extracted fat and waste product extracted with various ratios of buffalo fat and dichloromethane

Ratio of buffalo fat (g) Percentage yield of purified fat Percentage yield of yellow oil
per volume of (average percentage ±± ±± ± standard deviation) (waste product)
dichloromethane (ml) (average percentage ±± ±± ± standard deviation)

1:1 8.23 ± 0.11 7.88 ± 0.24
1:2 9.30 ± 0.26 9.33 ± 0.15
1:3 10.43 ± 0.40 10.98 ± 0.38
2:1 7.56 ± 0.21 6.81 ± 0.10
2:3 7.93 ± 0.24 9.57 ± 0.19
3:1 6.93 ± 0.29 7.24 ± 0.22
3:2 8.71 ± 0.02 5.74 ± 0.03

fat and dichloromethane in the ratio of 1:3 and 1:2 dichloromethane, respectively, to get the ratio of 3:2
gave a high yield of waste yellow oil 10.98 ± 0.38 (grams of fat/volume of dichloromethane), which was
percent and 9.33 ± 0.15 percent, respectively. Fat and the optimal selected ratio from the previous study.
dichloromethane in the ratio of 3:2, on the other hand, According to the results, the percentage yield of
showed the lowest yield of waste product (5.74 ± fat extracted from day 1 to day 30 was of a similar

0.03%). pattern. Ten days was the optimum duration to give
Overall, the higher volume of dichloromethane the highest yield of fat for extraction of buffalo fat in
resulted in a higher yield of purified fat as well as 30 g, 100 g and 200 g quantities. After day 10, the
waste product, which was as much as the desired percentage yield of extracted fat declined (Figure 5).
product. From this result, the 1:3 and 1:2 ratios are Therefore a 10-day period prased to be the optimum
not quite the effective ratio. Therefore, an extraction duration for animal fat extraction using dichlorome-
ratio of 3: 2 was selected as the optimum ratio be- thane as the solvent.
cause it produced the lowest yield of waste product
Essential oil extraction by enfleurage method
and a comparably high yield of purified fats.
using the purified buffalo fat
Determination of the optimum duration for Buffalo fat, with a 3:2 extraction ratio (weight of
buffalo fat extraction fat/volume of solvent) and 10-day extraction period
Buffalo fat weighing 30 g, 100 g and 200 g. were determined by the previous preliminary study, was
extracted with 20 ml, 67 ml and 134 ml amounts of processed to yield purified fat. The process was re-

peated several times in order to yield an adequate
amount of product. Michelia alba flowers were
buffalo fat 30g
buffalo fat 100g bought from Sompong Garden House and Sila House,
buffalo fat 300g
Tumboon Sila, Aumpher Mueng, Khon Kaen Province,
Thailand in February 2007.
Ethanol was used to soak 100 g of extracted fat,
as previously described, for another 7 days in order to
get rid of all of the left over scent and then dried in a
fume hood. Then the 100 g of purified fat was used
to extract essential oil from M. alba flowers by the
Fig. 5 Determination of optimum duration for fat extraction enfleurage method, as described in the Materials and