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First, to create body of knowledge and to organize a critical mass.

Second, to create social movement for people participation and people support.
Third, to push for political will.

If we examine our efforts for human subjects protections since the announcement
of the Nuremberg Code in 1947, there are many works of people and organizations both at

national and international levels, contributing to human subjects protections. However,
most activities still confine in the first area proposed by Doctor Wasi. We need to expand
our efforts to create people participation and support as well as to push for political will.

In case of SARS, the WHO was successfully accomplished in the three areas.
All governments in the affected areas took very active roles to stop the epidemic. Scientists
in many research institutes work very diligently to study and report their discovery.
Millions of people participate both passively and actively to protect themselves and to

control tile disease.

Among the people concerning in clinical research, e.g., the investigator, the sponsor,

the member of ethics committee, the research institute, and the regulatory body; not only
the clinical research oversight, we have to consider the human subjects protection as a
shared ethical engagement. All parties especially investigators can not deferred their
responsibilities for protecting their subjects to the ethics committee.

And last but not least all parties have to work not only with the concept of
responsibility but with mercy from within. With mercy, all works will not only contribute
to success, but also to happiness of mankind.

I would like to end this lecture with a verse from Shakespeare's Merchant of
Venice:

The quality of mercy is not strain'd,

It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven
Upon theplace beneath: it is twice blest,
It blesseth him that gives, and him tizat takes: