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วารสารการแพทย์แผนไทยและการแพทย์ ทางเลือก Journal of Thai Traditional & Alternative Medicine
ปีที่ 21 ฉบับที่ 3 กันยายน-ธันวาคม 2566 Vol. 21 No. 3 September-December 2023

Original Article

Exploring the Enzymatic-Based Biological Activities of
Kratom Leaves Extracts on Alpha-Amylase, Alpha-Glucosidase,

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme, and Cholinesterases

Weerachai Pipatrattanaseree , Chanisara Intareeya , Sayan Koonnoot , Sakwichai Ontong ,
†
*
*
*,¶
Thitiporn Thaptimthong , Sadudee Rattanajarasroj , Siriwan Chaisomboonpan , Attawadee Sae Yoon ‡,§
†
†
†
* Regional Medical Science Center 12 Songkhla, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Phawong Sub-
District, Mueang District, Songkhla 90100, Thailand.
† Medicinal Plant Research Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Talat Khwan Sub-District,
Muang District, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.
‡ Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thai Buri Sub-District, Tha Sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat
80161, Thailand.
§ School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thai Buri Sub-District, Tha Sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
¶ Corresponding authors: weerachai.p@dmsc.mail.go.th

Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Kratom leaves (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) have been an integral part of
traditional Thai medicine and local folk medicine for a long time. In Thailand, it has recently been legalized for
use as a medicinal plant or traditional Thai medicine. Consequently, kratom has gained popularity as a medicinal
plant based on people’s beliefs. This study aimed to investigate the enzymatic-based biological activities of kratom
extracts, specifically their anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-Alzheimer’s disease properties, in order to
provide scientific information for further development of kratom for medical use.
Methods: The kratom extracts used in this study were 95%, 70%, and 50% ethanolic extracts obtained
from maceration, as well as an aqueous extract obtained from decoction method. All extracts were evaluated for
inhibitory activities on alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase for anti-diabetes while its effect on angiotensin-I
converting enzyme was examined for anti-hypertension. For the anti-Alzheimer’s disease property, the inhibitory
effects on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were investigated.
Results: The study found that kratom extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase, butyryl-
cholinesterase, and alpha-glucosidase enzyme. The 95% ethanolic extract exhibited the highest activity on butyr-
ylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase, with the half inhibitory concentration (IC 50) values of 64.40 ± 16.74 µg/
mL and 127.99 ± 6.15 µg/mL, respectively. The 70% and 50% ethanolic extracts demonstrated comparable effects
on alpha-glucosidase enzyme, with IC 50 values of 382.64 ± 16.18 µg/mL and 409.43 ± 19.14 µg/mL, respectively.

Received date 19/03/23; Revised date 19/09/23; Accepted date 18/12/23

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